The Easy Grammar الحلقة الثالثة

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Past Tense: The Simple Past and the Past Participle Use the simple past tense when you are talking about something that happened at one particular time in the past (i.e., the event began and ended in the past). Normally, there is a reference to past time (yesterday, last night, etc.): --I knew your aunt when she was young. --Yesterday, they bought a car. --We rented a car last week. --He saw the U.S. Capitol while he was in Washington. For many verbs, just add the ending -ed to the verb to make it simple past: borrow-->borrowed close-->closed open-->opened cash --> cashed. Here are some rules for making the simple past tense of regular verbs: 1. Verbs ending in -e, add -d (hope --> hoped) 2. Verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant: A. For one-syllable verbs having a single vowel, double the consonant ending: stop-->stopped rob-->robbed B. For one-syllable verbs having two vowels, just add -ed: rain-->rained dreamed-->dreamed (also, dreamt) C. For two-syllable verbs, in which the first syllable is stressed, just add -ed: listen-->listened D. For two-syllable verbs, in which the second syllable is stressed, double the consonant ending as you did for 1. above: prefer-->preferred control -->controlled 3. Verbs ending in -y. If the -y is preceded by a vowel, keep the -y (enjoyed, prayed); if the -y is preceded by a consonant, change the -y to -i and add -ed: try-->tried study-->studied 4. Verbs ending in -ie, add -d: die-->died 5. Verbs ending in two consonants, just add the ending -ed. NOTE: For regular verbs the form of the simple past is also the form of the past participle!! Irregular Verb Forms English has many irregular verbs that have special forms in the past tense. Here is a list of some of the more important verbs: Present Simple Past Past Participle be was been become became become begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten get got gotten give gave given have had had know knew known let let let lie lay lain make made made pay paid paid put put put read read read run ran run say said said sell sold sold sit sat sat speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood teach taught taught tell told told take took taken write wrote written