حلقة بحث

[2abdalaziz]

نبغى اسئلة المناطق ولا اسئلة الترم الماضي اللي عنده يساعدنا تكفوووون

[hghamdi00]

ذاكر ال6 صفحات اللي في المرفقات ودرجتك لن تقل عن 90
بالتوفيق

[ابو عبدالله.]

فيه سوال تكرر من السنة الماضية

سؤال من خارج الملخص هو هل السعودية inner cycle او outer cycle "

اتمنى الي يتذكر السوال او الجواب يشاركنا الله يجزاكم خير بالتوفيق للجميع

[hghamdi00]

Kachru's Three Circles of English[edit]
Braj Kachru's Three Circles of English

Braj Kachru's Three Circles of English.
The most influential model of the spread of English is Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes. In this model the diffusion of English is captured in terms of three Concentric Circles of the language: The Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle.[8]

The Inner Circle refers to English as it originally took shape and was spread across the world in the first diaspora. In this transplantation of English, speakers from England carried the language to Australia, New Zealand and North America. The Inner Circle thus represents the traditional historical and sociolinguistic bases of English in regions where it is now used as a primary language: the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, anglophone Canada and South Africa, and some of Caribbean territories. English is the native language or mother tongue of most people in these countries. The total number of English speakers in the inner circle is as high as 380 million, of whom some 120 million are outside the United States.


The Outer Circle of English was produced by the second diaspora of English, which spread the language through imperial expansion by Great Britain in Asia and Africa. In these regions, English is not the native tongue, but serves as a useful lingua franca between ethnic and language groups. Higher education, the legislature and judiciary, national commerce and so on may all be carried out predominantly in English. This circle includes India, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Tanzania, Kenya, non-Anglophone South Africa, the Philippines (colonized by the US) and others. The total number of English speakers in the outer circle is estimated to range from 150 million to 300 million.[9]

Finally, the Expanding Circle encompasses countries where English plays no historical or governmental role, but where it is nevertheless widely used as a medium of international communication. This includes much of the rest of the world's population not categorized above: China, Russia, Japan, most of Europe, Korea, Egypt, Indonesia, etc. The total in this expanding circle is the most difficult to estimate, especially because English may be employed for specific, limited purposes, usually business English. The estimates of these users range from 100 million to one billion.

The inner circle (UK, US etc.) is 'norm-providing'; that means that English language norms are developed in these countries. The outer circle (mainly New Commonwealth countries) is 'norm-developing'. The expanding circle (which includes much of the rest of the world) is 'norm-dependent', because it relies on the standards set by native speakers in the inner circle.[10]

(Braj Kachru considers Saudi Arabia to be among the Expanding Circle countries (where English is a foreign language
he does not exclude the possibility of considering it as a member of the Outer Circle (where it is a second language)

[بلاماوى]

السعودية outer cycle

[ghost_9]

فالكم a+ ياحلوين…. وبعدها تتبقى لنا الصوتياااااات الله يخارجنا منها على خير

[ابو عبدالله.]

بارك الله فيكم اجابه وافيه وكافيه بالتوفيق للجميع

[الله يسهلهاا]

الله يعطيك العافيه اخوي حمدي على تفاعلك معنا بجميع المواد ونقلك لاسئلة المناطق


جهد تشكر عليه متفاعل ومتجاوب مع الكل الله يجمعنا وياك بجنات النعيم

[kas123]

السعوديه تعتبر expanding circle countries
1- inner circle countries هي الدول التي تعتبر اللغة الانجليزية لغه رسميه ويتحدثون بها بينهم وهي اللغه الاساسية عندهم مثل امريكا وكندا وايرلندا.
2- outer circle countries هي الدول التي كانت مستعمرتها انجلتر يستخدمون اللغة الانجليزيه في خطاباتهم الرسمية والسياسية ولكن لايتحدثون بها بينهم
مثل الهند وجنوب افريقيا.
3- expanding circle countries هي الدول التي لا وجود للغة الانجليزيه مكانه رسمية فيها وربما لاتستخدم اللغة الانجليزيه ابدا بين غالبية السكان
ولكن يعترف باللغة الانجليزية على انها من اللغات المهمة الراقيه . والناس يتعرضون للغة في مجالات معينه مثل اليابان والصين
والسعودية تعتبر من هذا الصنف.
هذا للتوضيح موجوده في الكتاب ص 86 وشكرا

[الله يسهلهاا]

الله يعطيك العافيه ويجزاك خير على هالشرح الوافي