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طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

قسم اللغات الأوروبية و آدابها

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قديم 19-08-2009, 12:16 AM

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السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

ياخوان اللي ما بينجح مع الدكتور هذا ما راح ينجح مع الصايغ

فرصه يا شباب

المطلوووب

جميع تعاريف الماده في هذا الموضوع

تكفون ياخوان خلونا نتعاون

التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة blue ; 19-08-2009 الساعة 12:20 AM.
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قديم 19-08-2009, 02:34 PM   #2

بدر الوله

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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله ....

اهلا أخي بلو ....
لدي جميــع التعاريف للمنهج كامل في ورقتين ونصف ولكن للاسف لا يوجد لدي سكانر ....
سوف ابحث عنه وتجدونه ان شاء الله هنا خلال اليومين القادمين بإذن الله ....
والمادة هي 334 وليست 433 نقرتين لعرض الصورة في صفحة مستقلةنقرتين لعرض الصورة في صفحة مستقلة

 


التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة بدر الوله ; 19-08-2009 الساعة 02:37 PM.
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قديم 19-08-2009, 07:39 PM   #3

ayd132

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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة بدر الوله مشاهدة المشاركة
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله ....

اهلا أخي بلو ....
لدي جميــع التعاريف للمنهج كامل في ورقتين ونصف ولكن للاسف لا يوجد لدي سكانر ....
سوف ابحث عنه وتجدونه ان شاء الله هنا خلال اليومين القادمين بإذن الله ....
والمادة هي 334 وليست 433 نقرتين لعرض الصورة في صفحة مستقلةنقرتين لعرض الصورة في صفحة مستقلة



مشكور اخوي ويعطيكم العافيه جميعا

 

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قديم 20-08-2009, 02:07 PM   #4

ابو لميا

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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

الله يعطيكم العافية ويجعله في موازين حسناتكم

 

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قديم 21-08-2009, 12:57 AM   #5

blue

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تاريخ التسجيل: Mar 2008
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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

شباب هذه بعض التعريفات اللتي استطعت الحصول عليها من المنتدى ارجوواا منكم اكمال الناقص

1. Syntax :-
- which seeks to describe the way words fit together to form sentences or
utterances, and SEMANTICS and PRSGMATICS which study meaning.

2.Word categories :-
- Clearly there are rules governing the way in which words can be put together to
form syntactically well-formed or GRAMMATICAL sentences .

3. Tree Diagrams :-
- As stated before, both types of formula serve two purposes. First, they
describe sentences that we already know are grammatical sentences of English

4. Predicate :-
- The rest of the sentence is called the PREDICATE .

5. Adverbs and Adverb Phrases :-
- An ADVERB (or Adv for short) is another word category. As far as meaning
is concerned, adverbs often add information in relation to circumstances
of manner, time, or place: in other words, they answer the question ; How ?
When?', Where ? For example .

6. Prepositions and Prepositional phrases :-
- PREPOSITIONS (P) belong to a small group or class of words which express
relations of place, direction, time or possession. Words belonging to this class
include, of, at, to, from, till, with, for, beside, against, up, down, by and so on.

7. Transitive Verb ;-
- functioning as the direct object of the verb likes and that the verb likes was a
TRANSITIVE VERB
8. Intransitive :-
- By contrast, the INTRANSTIVE VERB, as its name suggests, is a class of
verb which does not take on object.

9. Ditransitive :
- Another class of verb which occurs with an object is DITRNSITIVE. However
this type of verb, again as its name implies, requires two objects
('di meaning 'two' ). One of these is the familiar direct object, the other an
INDIRECT OBJECT or iO for short, For example, in the sentences.

10. Intensive Verb :
- INTENSIVE VERBS (sometimes referred to as relational, linking, or copular
belong to a small group which include verbs like, be (most commonly), seem,
appear, become, look and so on. What these verbs have in common is that
what follows the verb in a sentence relates back to what precedes the verb.

11. Complex-transitive Verb :-
- Another class of verb to appear with a complement is called COMPLEX-
TRANSITIVE. With his type of verb the complement relates to the object,
not the subject. The complement is therefore an OBJECT COMPLEMENT
and the shorthand version is oC. For example.
12. Prepositional Verb :
- A prepositional verb is one which requires a prepositional phrase in
order to be complete. Verbs like glance, lean, refer, fall into this class.



13. Imperative :
- The imperative mood differs from this in that it is used to give commands
or instructions. Sentences in the imperative may omit the subject NP.
for example :
* Close the door! * Beat the eggs lightly .
14. Modal Auxiliaries : .
- will, should, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must , ought to, and
marginally:- (need, dare, used to )
15. Pirmary Auxiliaries :
- Auxiliary verbs which are not modals are called PRIMARU auxiliaries.
These are: ( have, be , do )
- The primary auxiliary we have not considered so far is do. DO turns up to
lend support to the lexical verb only in certain constructions and where
there is no another auxiliary verb already present. For example you can
make a straightforward statement like:
16. Progressive Aspect :
- The other kind of aspect is called progressive aspect (OROG) and this is
indicated by the presence of the auxiliary verb be, For example :
* Sally is walking along the beach * Sue was giving the do a bone.
17.Pre-and Post-modification :
- Noun phrases, then, can consist of one constituents, the head (e.g. PRO)
or more than one constituent (e.g. DET + N ) Where other constituents do
exist, they from part of the noun phrase and are said to modify the head
noun. Constituents which modify the head noun can appear before it or
after it. Those which appear before the head noun are called PRE-
MODIFIERS; those which appear after the head noun are called POST-
MODIFIERS. We will look at pre-modifiers first.

18. Pre-modification :
- Constituents which pre-modify nouns are determiners (DET), adjective
phrases (AP), and nouns.




19. Genitives :
- Apart from the list above, the possessive determiner can also be realized
as a phrase, for example : (boy’s – Kate's)
20. Post-modification :
- As started before, constituents which modify the head noun can also appear
after the noun. Such constituents are post-modifiers. Here we will look at
two ways to post-modify a nouns : (The dog – with three – which )
21. Prepositional Phrase :
- We have already looked at prepositional phrases (PP) with regard to other
function; that is, as adverbials and ass indirect objects. Now we come to a
further function; that of post-modifying the head noun in a noun phrase.
Take the example above: (with three legs)
22. Relative clause :
- A relative clause is a bit different from anything we’ve looked at so far
because it introduces a kind of subsidiary sentence into the main one.
for example : ( The cat which is lying ion the mat loves dogs )
23. Subordination :
- Most of our example sentences so far have consisted of one clause. That is
we have taken different subjects and said one thing about them in each
sentence .
24. Relative Clause : -
- You will remember that we said that a relative clause post-modifies the
head noun of a noun phrase (see pages 95-6). In this case the relative clause
is that loves dogs and it pos-modifies the noun cat.
25. Post-modifier :
- like relative clauses, non-finite clauses can function as post-modifies to head
noun (see pages 95-8) and 103-4) For example .

 

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قديم 21-08-2009, 05:10 AM   #6

blue

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تاريخ التسجيل: Mar 2008
نوع الدراسة: إنتساب
المستوى: العاشر
الجنس: ذكر
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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

شباب هذي اسئله السينتاكس مع الصائغ يا ليت تساعدونا بالحل
Q1: What are adverbs ? Name three type of them

Q1:What are determiners ?Lest the basic determiners

Q2: Give two functions of AP with examples

Q2: What are functions of PP

Q3: Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence
Impressed with the meal, they gave the waiter a large tip

Q3: Draw atree diagram for following sentence
If I open this,you can put the cake mix into the bowl

Q4: Give two explain examples for the constituens which pre-modify the head noun within NP

Q4: Give explain examples for each constituents which post-modify the head noun within NP

Q5: Take a look on the sentences below which consist of some
determiners and pronoun. Label them correctly in the blank
There are 10 sentences

Q5: Take a look on the sentences below which consist of some
determiners and pronoun. Label them correctly in the blank

Q6: Why are there syntactic problems in the sentences below. Explain
Sally Became in the garden*
There are other 3 sentences

Q6: Why are there syntactic problems in the sentences below. Explain
Ken snores very*
There are other sentences

Q7: Analyse the following sentences in term of function
Ken made a cake for the party
Ken gave the cake to the children
The children bought Ken a present
And so on
There are 5 sentences under this Question

Q7: Analyse the following sentences in term of function
She rode her donkey at seaside
There are other sentences

 

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منتديات طلاب وطالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز منتديات طلاب وطالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز
قديم 21-08-2009, 05:27 AM   #7

blue

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تاريخ التسجيل: Mar 2008
نوع الدراسة: إنتساب
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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

phonology/ study the system of a language.

Morphology/ looks at the way words are formed.

Syntax

Chapter 1


Syntax/ describe the way words fit together to form sentences or utterance.

Semantics- pragmatics/ study the meaning.

To study syntax:

By analyzing or describing sentences.

To make this clear by practice it by looking at some examples of English sentence and the example will be written
because it tends to be more explicit and complete.

Constituents / a sentence consists of words or alternatively words.

Ungrammatical/a sentence is not semantically well formed.

Word category/ the way in which words can be put together to form syntactically well-formed.

Interchangeable words/ they share the same type of word. They belong to the same word category.

Determiners/ a small group of words and the act to limit or determine to some extent the possible rang of things the
noun can refer to.

Verb/ is a word which describe an action.

Proper noun/ names of specific items such as animals, places, and people.

Common noun/all other nouns.

Phrase/ a unit within a sentence.

Noun phrase / is phrase category.

Subject takes the form of noun phrase

Predicate/ what follows the subject.

Verb phrase/ is the form of the predicate

Predicator/ the function of the verb.

Advantage of tree diagram is (the hierarchy of the constituents can be seen at a glance )

also gives visual information on the function of the constituents.

Hierarchy/is that some constituents contain other constituents.

Node / each point on the tree.

Dominate/the nod that are higher up the tree are said to dominate those that are further down.


Re-write rolls/ to represent structure
1-To show what the sentence can consist of
2-the ability to show that some constituents are optional
3- it becomes possible to describe the structure of many sentences of English all at once
4- shows up the regularities in the way the deferent category behave


Chapter 2

Adverb/ is modifying the verb/it works to define the sense of the verb by telling something of the way it is done.

Degree adverb/ tells us to what degree something is done/to modify or limit the sense of an adverb.
Sentence adverb/ can appear in a rang of sentence position /they modify the whole sentence.
Sentence adverb is often differentiated by a comma.
Adjective/ describes word/ to modify the sense of an noun


Chapter 3
Transitive verb/normally has to have a direct object to be complete.
Intransitive verb/ is a class of verb which does not have a direct object.
Ditransitive verb/requires two objects one of these is direct object, the other is indirect object.
Intensive verb/what is given after the verb relates back to the subject
The bit that comes after the verb function as the subject complement.
Complex-transitive verb/this type of verbs the complement relate to the object.
Prepositional verb/is one which require a prepositional phrase to be complete.
Declaratives/they make some kind of declaration or assertion.
Imperative/ is used to give command or instructions.


Chapter 4
Verb group/ consist of one or more than one element
All complete verb group have to include a lexical verb which appear last in the group form the head of the verb group
Auxiliaries/ additional or giving help/ modify the lexical verb by indicating modality, or aspect, or voice, or may signify
tense.
Tense/ there are two tenses in English: present and past ………. Tense is signified by the form of the lexical verb.
Modality/ allow us to express whether a state of affairs is likely, possible, and so on.
Model Auxiliary dos not carry tense .
Infinitive/ the form of the verb which appear after a modal
The Infinitive verb carry no endings.

Primary Auxiliaries:
Perfect aspect and progressive aspect
Perfect aspect/is indicated by the presence of the auxiliary verb have.
Perfect aspect does carry tense.
The form of the verb which always follow the perfect auxiliary is called past participle.
Each element of the verb group dictates the shape or form of the following one.
progressive aspect/ is indicated by the presence of the auxiliary verb be.
The form of the verb which always follow the perfect auxiliary is called present participle.


Passive voice:
voice/ refers to whether a sentence or utterance is an active or passive
the verb be is followed by the past participle.


Do/ when it appears as an auxiliary is followed by a bare infinitive.


Chapter 5
Pronouns:
Personal pronoun/refer to specific entities. (ex. He, she …)
Indefinite/ refer to unspecific entities. (ex. Some, something, anything, any one….)
Demonstrative/ (ex. This, that, these ….)
Interrogative/ (ex. Who, which, what, whose)
Possessive/ (ex. Mine, yours, hers…..)
Reflexive/ (ex. myself, herself……)
Pre- modification:
Determiners:
Demonstrative/ (ex. This, that, these ….)
Quantifiers/(ex. Some, something, anything, any one….)
Possessive/ (ex. Mine, yours, hers…..)
WH- Determiners/(ex. Who, which, what, whose)
post- modification:
preposition phrase after the noun is acting to modify the noun.
Relative clause:
Main clause(s1) is more complete than the subordinate clause(s2)
in this case the type of subordinate clause is an Relative clause

Chapter 6

One way to joining clauses together is to subordinate one to anther; another way is to coordinate them.

subordination
Hypotactic/ a style of speech or writing using lots of subordination.
Paratactic/ a style of speech or writing using little subordination.
Relative clause: it is not necessary to be introduced by a subordinator

(ex. the cat that loves dogs is mad)

Adverbial clause: add information in relation to manner, time, place, and so on. They tend to answer the questions how?
When? Where? Why?

Adverbial clause begin with subordinator.

(ex. I well give you the next clue when you are ready)

Noun clause: a subordinate clause func on as subject is immediately dominated by s1 and a subordinate clause func on
as direct object is immediately dominated by VP.

(ex. how he deals with the deficit is grossly important)

Complement clause: a subordinate clause with an intensive verb and function as subject complement.

(ex. The most important thing is that you are happy)

Complement of A: complement adjectives

(ex. He made her sorry that she knew him)

Non-finite verbs:

Finite clause: that is clause where the verb carry tense.

Non finite/ untensed verb. (ex. She wants to holed the baby)

Post-modifier/ (ex. The letter for you to type is on your desk)

Adverbial/ (ex. Whistling cheerfully he typed the letters)

Subject/like noun clause (ex. Going to parties is fun)

Direct object/ like noun clause (she wants to hold the baby)

Complement of A: complement adjectives (ex. she made him sorry to go)

Coordination/ joining clauses together by coordinate them.

Coordinators are: and, but, and or.


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منتديات طلاب وطالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز منتديات طلاب وطالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز
قديم 28-08-2009, 11:22 PM   #8

blue

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تاريخ التسجيل: Mar 2008
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المستوى: العاشر
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افتراضي رد: طلاب النحو الرجاء الحضور 433

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