اختبار semantics يوم السبت مع الدكتوره صالحه القرني

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السلام عليكم انا نزلت الاسئله الإسبوع الي فات بحطها لكم دحين ..

1. "Semantics is an attempt to set up a theory of meaning". What is meant by a
theory of semantics? Give two characteristics of this semantic theory?
2. Explain the differences between the terms in each pair and give examples to
illustrate these differences.
a. Sense / Proposition
b. Sentence / Utterance
c. Equative sentences / Generic sentences
d. Declarative sentences / Interrogative Sentences
3. "Every expression that has meaning has sense, but not every expression has
reference." Explain.
4. Comment on the following examples, making reference to concepts studies in
this course.
a. the Evening Star/ the Morning Star
b. the President of the United States / the Leader of the Republican Party / the
Commander-in-Chief
c. visiting relatives can be boring.
5. Define an Opaque context and explain its relation to Referring Expressions
with two examples.
6. How does the concept of predicate in the semantic sense differ from the
concept of grammatical predicate?
7. Why is it that "no universe of discourse is a totally fictitious world"?
8. How are we able to resolve the apparent difficulty of dealing with such
referring expressions as

yesterday, four hundred, the distance between the
Earth and the Sun, and the British national anthem?
9. Comment on the italicized items below in light of the concept of reference and
the concept of generic sentence.
a. The whale is the largest mammal.
b. The whale at SeaWorld entertain visitors.
10. Are deictics a useful device in language? Explain and illustrate.
11. What does the concept 'prototype' has to do with meaning? How is it related to
the learning of meaning of certain expressions?
12. Explain why synthetic sentences are potentially informative whereas analytic
sentences and contradictions are not.
13. Give some necessary conditions for the following lexical items.
a. Car
b. Sister
c. teacher
14. What is a paraphrase? How are the notions of synonymy and paraphrase
distinguished in semantics?
15. What does the Basic Rule of Sense Inclusions have to say about the
entailment relationship between the following two sentence?
a. Mary bought a house.
b. Mary bought a building.
16. Why does the Basic Rule of Sense Inclusions NOT work for the following
pairs of sentences? How must be it revised to work here?
a. Mary bought all the houses in town.
b. Mary bought all the buildings in town.
17. How a phrase can be referentially VERSATILE? How is this related to the

notion of vagueness? Give examples of vague words and phrases


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