رد: بنات الصوتياااااااااااات
A phoneme is a family of similar sounds which a language treats as being "the same". Members of the family are called its allophones.
In English, [p] and [ph] are allophones of the /p/ phoneme.
Switching allophones of the same phoneme won't change the meaning of the word: [sphIt] still means 'spit'.
Switching allophones of different phonemes will change the meaning of the word or result in a nonsense word: [skIt] and [stIt] do not mean 'spit'.
Different languages can have different groupings for their phonemes. [p] and [ph] belong to the same phoneme in English, but to different phonemes in Chinese. In Chinese, switching [p] and [ph] does change the meaning of the word.
A broad tranion uses only one symbol for all allophones of the same phoneme. This is enough information to distinguish a word from other words of the language. What details you have to include in a broad tranion will depend on what language or dialect you are transcribing.
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