[آفله]

شابتر 1
صقحة 7

The generative enterprise

Native speakers know which combinations are permissible:

‘the dog chased a cat’
‘the cat chased a dog’
*’the cat dog a chased’
*’a chased dog cat the’


صفحة 8

The generative enterprise

Concerned about what kinds of things we know about our language, i.e:

syntactic knowledge
morphological knowledge
semantic knowledge
phonological knowledge
lexicon (mental dictionary)

____________

شابتر 8

صفحة 1

Chapter8

Phonological alternations, processes and rules
PHONOLOGY
Lane 335

صفحة 2

Phonological Rules

Two levels of representation:
1- underlying (phonemic, mental)
2- surface (phonetic)

Why do we need rules?
- link the two levels
- show when a particular allophone should show up on the surface

صفحة 3

Phonological Rules

PHONEMIC FORM
سهم للأسفل

RULES
سهم للأسفل

PHONETIC FORM

صفحة 4

Alternations

The focus of phonology is finding predictable alternations between sounds; e.g. [p] & [ph] in English

There is one phoneme /p/

There is alternation in the representation of this element on the surface (phonetic) level between [p] & [ph]

This alternation is determined by the environment in which the phoneme occurs

صفحة 5

Processes

This alternation occurs due to or because of some phonological processes

For example,
The processes involved in the alternation between [p] & [ph] is ‘aspiration’

In English, a voiceless stop is aspirated when it occurs in word-initial position before a stressed vowel (not following [s])