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11 Pragmatics
Communication clearly depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words
in an utterance, but recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances. The
study of what speakers mean, or ‘speaker meaning’, is called pragmatics


Invisible meaning
مجرد موضوع

Context
The co-text of a word is the set of other words
used in the same phrase or sentence
physical
context

Deixis
which means ‘pointing’ via language


Inference
An inference is additional information used by
the listener to create a connection between what is said and what must be meant

Speech acts
We use
the term speech act to describe actions such as ‘requesting’, ‘commanding’,
‘questioning’ or ‘informing’

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