[white rose]

نبدا هنا بنسخ ردود شروحات مديرتنا الفاضلة نور العمر والاعضاء من هالموضوع :|| تجمع الطلآب لِـ مذآكــرة مـآدة علم الأصوآت335 [Phonology] ||

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المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة nour al3mr نبدء بِـ الفصل الســـــآدس في الطبعة القديمـة 1998 يقابله الفصل السـآبع في الطبعة الجديدة Chapter 6/7: Features أفضل عرض يشرح هذآ الفصل هو لأستـآذة لدينـآ في شطـر الطـآلبـآت / ليلى هـآشــــــم أبدؤا بمذآكـــــرته .. و أي غموض أسئلوآ عنه مبــــآشـــــرة .. عند تغطية جميع نقـآط هذآ الفصل بالفهم التـآم سَـ أحـآول وضع أسئلة متنوعة عن هذآ الفصل و تقوموآ بحلهـــــآ ثم ننتقل للفصل الذي يليه .. موفقيـــــــن ..

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة nour al3mr تسليط الضوء على أبرز النقــآط في الفصل السـآدس Brief Summary of chapter 6: Features 1/ معـــرفة كيفية انتـآج الصوت منذ البدآية .. لأنه من دون صوت لن تجري أي عمليـــــآت تدآخل بين الأصوآت The mechanism of the production of speech sounds and the overlapping process {phonetically} A number of INDEPENDENT things have to happen AT THE SAME TIME in order to produce the sound. There must be a flow of air out from the lungs, the vocal cords must be WIDE APART, the velum must be RAISED and the blade of the tongue must be in contact with the alveolar ridge {VOICELESS SOUND/ NO VIBRATION} IMPORTANT: if any of these factors is CHANGED, a DIFFERENT sound will result were the vocal cords to be CLOSER TOGETHER, causing VIBRATION, the VOICED sound would be produced LOWERING the velum would result a nasal sound :: 2/ the definition of FEATURES / A NATURAL CLASS :: 3/ the SMALLER the class, the MORE features will be Shared :: 4/ the definition of a BINARY feature is a feature which has just two values + or - a + if the feature is part of the classification of the sound - if it is not :: 5/ we need a different set of features which allow us to make the claims and generalization (not putative natural classes)a we need a less CONCRETE= less phonetic, more ABSTRACT set of PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES :: 6/ PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES = using the major places of articulation such as CORONAL & ANTERIOR :: What do we mean by each one of them?a Coronal as a binary feature: [+ Coronal] sounds are produced in the area pounded by the teeth and hard palate [- Coronal] other than that and Anterior as a binary feature: [+ anterior] sounds are produced no further back in the oral tract than the alveolar ridge [- anterior] other than that :: 7/ Natural classes [+ anterior , - coronal ]: LABIALS =[p,b,f,v,m]a [+ anterior , + coronal ]: Alveolars & DENTALS =[t,d,s,z,θ, ð]a [- anterior , + coronal ]: PALATALS = [ j,ʃ,ʒ,tʃ,dʒ ]a [- anterior , - coronal ]: VELARS & UVULARS=[k,g,x,R,w,h]a :: 8/ we have several ways to classify sounds into class features - by using Major class features = [+/- syllabic], [+/- consonantal],[+/- sonorant]a - by using Consonantal features = [+/- voice]a - by using Place Features = [+/- anterior], [+/- coronal]a - by using Manner Features = [+/- nasal], [+/- strident],[+/- delayed release],[+/- lateral],[+/- continuant]a - by using Vocalic features {ONLY WITH VOWELS} = [+/-round], [+/-front], [+/- tense], [+/- Advanced Tongue Root], [ +/-high], [ +/-low], [ +/-back] a you need to know the definitions and the sounds of each one of them Hope everything is clear enough for you, IF NOT please tell me GOOD LUCK