رد: اسئلة سوسيو مع مس عزيزه
• Multilingualism: the use of more than two languages, e.g. Nigeria, India, and Philippines have hundreds of languages.
• Diglossia: (2 languages) A situation in which two forms of the same language co-exist in a complementary relationship in a society. High variety, low variety. Both forms are grammatically distinct, don’t overlap. Classical Arabic - vernacular
• Triglossia ,Tunisia (2 high varieties and one low variety=colloquial)
• Polyglossia: several H and L languages co-exist in a complex multilingual society, e.g. Singapore L,H, M varieties, e.g. Mandarin, Tamil and Malay are official languages.
• Vitality: demographic, social and institutional strength of a language and its speakers.
• Deliberate, Official government policies in relation to language
• Language contact and dialect leveling
• Reduction of differences distinguishing regional dialects or accents.
• Speakers tend to change the way they are speaking depending on who they are talking to.
• Speakers may Converge (modify their speech to sound similar)or diverge (maintain linguistic distinctiveness to distinguish themselves from interlocutor e.g. some minority ethnic groups).
• Reduction of differences distinguishing regional dialects or accents
• Motivation: in the case of convergence to express solidarity or reduce social distance, polite speech strategy, sarcastic effect.
• Reduction of differences distinguishing regional dialects or accents.
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