[عبدالله الرفيدي]

Dear external program Lane 422 students,
There will be 4 questions in the final exam from the following list of 10 question:
1. What are the two main factors that cause language variation and what are the two main types of dialect variation?
2. Discuss the difference between 'dialect', 'accent' and 'idiolect'.
3. Explain why Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian languages are mutually intelligible, yet we cannot say they are dialects of the same language.
4. Explain why in almost all languages of the world the standard variety is considered one of the dialects of a particular language except in the case of the Arabic language.
5. Explain why it is much easier for sociolinguists to study Indian caste dialects than social class dialects of the West?
6. What has been the Malaysian government solution for the problem of multilingualism in Malaysia?
7. Explain why is there more regional dialect variation in England than in America and Australia, though the last two countries are much bigger than England.
8. How do linguistic areas develop?
9. Discuss the concept of ‘taboo’ with relation to language and sex. How is it believed to effect language male-female language variation?
10. Why did some people who read Deborah Tannen’s book contact her to tell her that she has saved their marriage?