[منوني غلام]

Glossary of Terms---- 55
1 analysis : a term used interchangeably with explication.
Analysis focuses on studying textual characteristics in isolation, rather than integrating those characteristics with the overall effect of the text (T)
2 Argument : The line of reasoning that holds a piece of writing together and that readers often reproduce in a summary or interpretation
Reader reproduction of the work argument may differ widely (T)
3 assumption: the prior knowledge, values and beliefs a reader bring to his or her reading experiences.
Assumption may be conscious to strategies designed to produce a specific kind of reading .(t)
Assumption may be not conscious to preexisting ideological values that influence the reader.(t)
4 symptomatic analysis : A mode of analysis that probes the text not for its surface or preferred meaning but for symptoms of the pressures and concerns that brought the text into being of which even the writer may have been unaware .

5 Text : In one sense the work that is , the novel , poem , play , story , etc. , produced by the interaction of the work and the reader.
6 text strategies: the formal techniques used in writing a text, including rhyme, meter, metaphor, plot, setting character , theme, flashback , flash-forward ,point of view , ……
7 theme: what is literary work is a bout, or mine idea or the massage .
8 theory: the philosophy of or self- conscious thought about subject.
9 voice: the “ person” construed by a reader of a literary work (usually a pomes) as being the speaker, sometimes identified with the author(T)
Note
The voice is creation of the reader who imaging that a lyric or other kind of the poem(t)
A work voice like a person is inevitably over determined that is made up of conflicting voices (t)
10 Culture : A complex word the dominant meanings of which encompass the relationships between works and practices of literature, art music , etc, and the whole way of life of the people producing them.
11 Connotations , Denotations : The associations we bring to a word or phrase - emotive , social , cultural , ideological – are its connotations.
Note
This term is most commonly applied to poetry.
All words can be read for their connotation .
Connotation may be contradictory as the association we bring are produce by the wider cultural forces of our society.
Connotations and Denotations may also apply visual olfactory and other experiences.
12 Consistency Building : Placing closure on fictional text .
13 context: the surrounding situation. Both reading and writing occur in linguistic, social. Cultural and ideological context Note
the interpretation of any language unit depends on the context in which we read.
14 convention: Structural patterns or similarities occurring frequently in a large number of works.
Note
Convention encourage cretin prescribed ways of reading.
An awareness of convention of writing and reading can enable reader to read text more self- consciously “ against the grain”
15 criticism: A generic term used to cover the act of analysis.
Note
Interpretation and judgment usually associated with (close reading). T
This term qualified by an adjective describe a particular attitude toward the text under review.T
16 Literature : An ambiguous term pointing to a historical not a universal category of writings
Note
The word Literature came increasingly to stand for specialized “ imaginative” writing of high
Literature is an evaluative category, not a scientific.
17 matching of repertoires: the interaction that occurs between the repertoires general and literary. Of the reader and those who read the text.,
18 metaphor A word or phrase that brings different meanings together, usually either abstract and concrete or literal and figurative.
Note
Metaphor consist in giving the thing a name that belongs to something else.
19 discourses : The innumerable ways or structures by which a society’s knowledge and hence language are collected m organized and controlled .
20 fiction: a mode of writing that gives us imaginative or mental experience that not literally true in what they occur in the real word.
Note
Fiction is opposed of fact
Fiction refer to any mental activity
Fiction is often identified with narrative( usually prose)
21 formalism: a mode of analysis that focuses on what are considered to be objective.
Note
Formalism has much in common with new criticism (T)
22 free association: a mode of writing that stresses the personal relevance of the work.
23 Realism :describe a mode of writing that creates the illusion that reality is represented in language .
24 repertoires : The particular sets of beliefs, assumptions, values, ideas , and practices distilled by each text and each reader from a society’s ideology.
25 Naturalization : The process by which readers reduce what is strange, disturbing or out of ordinary in the text by interpreting or assimilating it that fit within acceptable cognitive cultural norms.
26 Myth: In one sense, ancient stories that set out a society’s religious or social beliefs
27 Mood: The atmosphere ( frightening , calming oppressive ) created for the reader by a text
28 New Criticism : The dominant mode in American literary criticism and education between the 1930’s and the 1960’s
29 Open text : A text that encourages its readers to take up different
30 Overdetermined : describe an event when its causes and interpretations are multiple
31 Paradigm : A model of reality or of a field of inquiry constructed to explain
32 monovalent reading: a reading in which the reader tries to avoid ambiguity and find only one meaning.
33 Genre : mean the kind or form of literature.
34 historicism : An approach to criticism that focuses self-consciously on the placing of a text within a historical context
35 Ideology : The conscious or unconscious beliefs, habits, and social practices of a particular society.
36 Interpretation: signify any act of textual analysis with a stress on meaning.
37 indeterminacy: an ambiguity or blank in the text require active in volvement to supply or determine the meaning
38 Intersexuality :The implicit references to one text that occur in another
39 Verbal irony : Emphasize a clash between what words say and they really mean.
40 Wandering viewpoint : Readers maintain an openness to the text by allowing themselves to revise their ideas on what they think the text is about .
41 setting: the locale or the place in which the story take place.
42 Simile : A rhetorical device that compares two phenomena using “like” or “as.
43 strong reading: a reading that attempts to be very self conscious about its assumption and goal.
44 subject: the I that speaker and acts in the world is subjected to these discourse.
45 Summary : Writing that paraphrases the argument the writer perceives (in) a work
46 Symbol : A linguistic device that uses vivid language to compress a complex or abstract idea into a representation .
47 blanks: those absence or indeterminacies in the text that must be completed by reader.
Or blanks and gabs filled by reader.
48 canon : the tradition of literary work which is the best or greatest in the language.
Note
The canon is continually changing to reflect the values and concerns that different ages to their assessment of literature.(T)
49 character: the fictional representation of a person.
50 cognitive style : the general ways in which a person takes in, processes and to what he or she perceives.
51 plot : the sequence in which the event of story occur.
52 point of view : the perspective from which a story is told.
Note story may be told either the first person or the third person.
53 polyvalent reading : the reading for multiple meaning.
54 Reader-centered criticism : The mode of criticism in part advocated by reading texts that stresses the active role played by readers in the construction of readings of texts.
55 Reading strategies : The techniques used by a reader to process a text.

What are the differences between Critical reading and Critical thinking?
1 Critical reading : Technique for discovering information and ideas within a text
2 Critical thinking : Technique for evaluating information and ideas for deciding what to accept and believe

What are the differences between the old model of reading and the new models of reading?
1 The old model of reading: the author meaning in the text , the reader job is to understand the meaning in the text

2 The new models of reading: the reader interact with text

What are the differences between
1 Signifiers : Words with ambiguous meaning that can be found in the text and picked up by the reader
2 Significant : Experiences, beliefs , values of reader
What are the differences between polyvalent reading and monovalent reading?
1 Polyvalent reading. Reading for multiple meaning of a word. It also includes figurative
meaning and so on.

2 Monovalent reading: Or reading for single meaning or literal meaning of a word as in scientific or legal or technical documents.