[The Eagle]

مجموعة من الأسئلة التي أتذكرها وأتت بالاختبار
وكان نموذجي A


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The yo-he-ho theory : the sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language, especially when that physical effort involved several people and had to be coordinated
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innateness hypothesis: the idea that humans are genetically equipped to acquire language
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duality: a property of language whereby linguistic forms have two simultaneous levels of sound production and meaning, also called ‘double articulation’
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logogram : a way of writing in which each symbol represents a word
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auditory phonetics: the study of the perception of speech sounds by the ear, also called ‘perceptual phonetics’
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glottal: a sound produced in the space between the vocal cords
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phonology: the study of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in languages
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phoneme: the smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in the abstract representation of the sounds of a language
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allophone: one of a closely related set of speech sounds or phones
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minimal pair (set): two (or more) words that are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme in the same position in each word
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phonotactics: constraints on the permissible combination of sounds in a language
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blending: the process of combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word
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clipping: the process of reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form
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infix: a morpheme that is inserted in the middle of a word
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Morphology: the analysis of the structure of words
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lexical morpheme: a free morpheme that is a content word such as a noun or verb
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syntax (syntactic structures): (the analysis of) the structure of phrases and sentences
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generative grammar: a set of rules defining the possible sentences in a language
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semantics: the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences
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lexical relations: the relationships of meaning, such as synonymy, between words
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antonymy: the lexical relation in which words have opposite meanings
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hyponymy: the lexical relation in which the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another
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homonyms: two words with the same form that are unrelated in meaning
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pragmatics: the study of speaker meaning and how more is communicated than is said
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Wernicke’s area: a part of the brain in the left hemisphere involved in language comprehension
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interlanguage: the interim system of L2 learners, which has some features of the L1 and L2 plus some that are independent of the L1 and the L2
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applied linguistics: the study of a large range of practical issues involving language in general and second language learning in particular
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bilingual: a term used to describe a native speaker of two languages or a country with two official languages, in contrast to monolingual
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idiolect: the personal dialect of an individual speaker
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social marker: a linguistic feature that marks the speaker as a member of a particular social group
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register: a conventional way of using language that is appropriate in a specific situation, occupation or topic, characterized by the use of special jargon
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category: a group with certain features in common
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lexicalized: expressed as a single word, in contrast to non-lexicalized
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non-lexicalized: not expressed as a single word, in contrast to lexicalized
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social category: a category in which group members are defined by social connections
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back-channels: the use of words (yeah) and sounds (hmm) by listeners while someone else is speaking

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