[شذى الوادي]

ok I'll start from the beginning

sounds are divided to two parts : Consonants and vowels

the difference between them that in the consonants we release the air and obstruct it by many ways but in the vowel we can say it's flow free of air , so we mean by this , that there is no obstruction ok

to make sure try to say( K )and try to say( a )l

why consents sounds differ from each other ? coz they differ in three things ( voicing – place of articulation – manner of articulation ) l

1-voicing ( whether the sound be voiced or voiceless)see the voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in the book

2-place of articulation ( where is the sound obstructed ,,,, the place that the tongue moves to during the articulation or we can say the place which the sound takes place in )and they are seven places

bilabial –labiodental ….etc see page 34 third edition

3-manner of articulation (how much of the air is obstructed ) they are sex ,,,, stop – fricative …..etc

I'll complete later on and if u know these information specify the thing that u want to me to explain coz I take much time to write