[arwa.a.s]

ch7)
Training and development : (T&D) is the heart of a continuous effort to improve employee competency and organizational performance.
Training: provides learners with the knowledge and skills needed for their present jobs.
Development: learning that goes beyond today’s job and has more long –term focus.
learning organization :recognizes the importance of continuous performance-related T&D and takes appropriate action.
Just-in-time training: Training provided anytime, anywhere in the world, when it is needed
Virtual reality :extension of e-learning that Permits trainees to view objects from a perspective otherwise impractical or impossible
case study: is a T&D method in which trainees are expected to study the information provided in the case and make decisions based on it
Behavior modeling :is a T&D method that permits a person learns by copying or replicating behaviors of others to show manager how to handle various situations
Role-playing :is a T&D method in which Participants respond to specific problems they encounter in jobs by acting out real-world situations
Business games :is a T&D method that permits Participants assume roles such as president, controller, or marketing vice president of two or more similar hypothetical organizations and Compete against each other by manipulating selected factors in a particular business situation
In-basket training: is a T&D method in which Participant is asked to establish priorities for and then handle number of
Business papers or e-mail messages ,Memorand Reports,Telephone messages
On-the-job-training (OJT) : is an informal T&D method where employees learn job tasks by performing them.
Apprenticeship training :combines classroom instruction with on-the-job training.
corporate university :T&D delivery system provided under umbrella of organization
Online higher education :Educational opportunities include degree and training programs and Delivered either entirely or partially via Internet
vestibule system :is a T&D delivery system that take place away from production area on equipment that closely resembles equipment actually used on the job
E-learning,: the T&D method for online instruction
Simulators: deliver T&D system comprised of devices or programs that replicate actual job demands.
Management development: refers to all the learning experiences provided by an organization that upgrade the skills and knowledge required for current and future managers
Mentoring :is an approach to advising, coaching, and nurturing that creates a practical relationship to enhance both personal and professional development
Coaching: is often considered a responsibility of the immediate boss, who provides assistance, much like a mentor
Reverse mentoring : Process through which older employees learn from younger ones
Orientation: is the initial T&D effort that informs new employees about the company, job, and work group.
Benchmarking: Process of monitoring and measuring firm’s internal processes, such as operations, and then comparing data with information from companies that excel in those areas
Organization development :involves planned and systematic attempts to change the organization, typically to a more behavioral environment
Survey feedback :Process of collecting data from organizational unit through use of questionnaires, interviews, and other objective data
Quality circles :are groups of employees who voluntarily meet regularly with their supervisors to discuss their problems, investigate causes, recommend solutions, and take corrective action when authorized
Team building :is a conscious effort to develop effective work groups and cooperative skills throughout the organization
Sensitivity training :or T-group training, helps individuals learn how others perceive their behavior.