[مــحــمــد القحطاني]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله

انا قريتها اكثر من مره لكن ماقدرت احدد الفرق بالضبط وبكتب لك الحين الجزئيه اللي في الكتاب واقراها مع امثلتها يمكن يمشي الحال معك :

The meaning of a lexeme is, in part, its relation to other lexemes
of the language. Each lexeme is linked in some way to numerous
other lexemes of the language. We can notice two kinds of linkage,especially. First, there is the relation of the lexeme with other lexemes
with which it occurs in the same phrases or sentences, in the way
that arbitrary can co-occur with judge, happy with child or with
accident, sit with chair, read with book or newspaper. These are
syntagmatic relations, the mutual association of two or more words
in a sequence (not necessarily right next to one another) so that
the meaning of each is affected by the other(s) and together their
meanings contribute to the meaning of the larger unit, the phrase
or sentence.
Another kind of relation is contrastive. Instead of saying The
judge was arbitrary, for instance, we can say The judge was cautious
or careless, or busy or irritable, and so on with numerous other possible
deors. This is a paradigmatic relation, a relation of choice.
We choose from among a number of possible words that can fill the
same blank: the words may be similar in meaning or have little in
common but each is different from the others.

الاخت عبير افتحي الكتاب صفحة 47 آخرها وصفحة 48

وسلامتكم جميع.