هذا ملخص للوحده الاولى والثانيه والثالثه طبعا مو شامل لكن فيه كل الاشياء المهمه والوحده الرابعه راح تكون بالطريق واذا فيه وقت راح انزل الخامسه والسادسه واذا ما قدرت اعذروني مع تمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق
Chapter 1
1 - the development of money was one of the biggest achievement in the ancient world .
2 - some of the oldest writing in the world is about trading .
3 - money developed because it met some of the economic need of society .
4 - another need in ancient society was to preserve value in transaction among stranger.
5 - money was also more secure than other goods because it was easy to carry ,hide or protect .
1 - before the invention of money people all over the world traded with each other .
2 - people wrote on clay tablets around about 2300 BCE.
3 - Archaeologists found pieces of pure l in canaan dated about 1000 BCE.
4 - after the invention of money is the ancient world , states competed to have their money accepted widely .
5 - Athens was the first society to use money for everyday purchases not only pay for trade.
How did money change the ancient world ?
Helped people to trade over long distance and helped creation of wealthy empires
Money is less than 3000 years old
Where did money first develop?
It developed in the Mediterranean and middle east .
Before invention of money , what were examples of goods ant that ancient society traded ?
They traded food , grain , minerals e.g. jad , iron and ls .
Which older , counting or money ?
Counting is older than money.
What are some economic needs that ancient society had?
Needed to move goods over long distance also need to security and need maintain value in transaction among strangers ,
What example of ancient society that used l in trade ?
Canaan and Mycenae are example of ancient society that used l in trade.
What problems did ancient merchants have with l as a commodity ?
Standardization of weight and purity of l ware problems that ancient merchants had with l as a commodity.
What was form of the first money ? what special qualities did early money have
first money was form of coins made of pure mental with known weight guarantee the state ruler .
how did money solve the problems of standardization and purity ?
states set up standard weight for gold , silver and pronze and guaranteed their .
what economic needs did money meet?
Money was easy carry , hide and protect and more security
How did state guarantee that coins had a certain weight and purity ?
State guaranteed coins by stamping them with state symbols .
What are examples of society that made early money ? when did they first use money ?
e.g. of society that made early money are Lydia around 650 BC , lonia , agina and Persia around 500 BC .
which state had a better chance to have their money accepted by other society ?
states with the most extensive trade and money made of the purest l had had
a better chance to having their money accepted by other society
way was Athens important in the development of money
it had the most popular coins
what Athenians use money for
used money for every day purchases – not just trade
what society followed the Greek in making popular forms of money ?
the Romans followed the Greek in making popular forms of money.
part 8 how did money change the ancient economic world ?
money allowed people to cooperate e.g., traders put their money to gether to get mor food , to bring about economic development to set up banks to start new businesses and create armies
1-normally neutral stimulus could cause response
2- it's stimuli that naturally elicit of response
3- when tow stimuli were paired something new happen
4- as result of conditioning a( warm – warn ) feeling is associate with product .
5- since it was the first kind of conditioning the studied it is called classical conditioning
they usually pair two stimuli
the paired stimuli become connected .
the published report had surprising conclusion .
they always their result in a journal .
the desired result was observed .
the researchers desired to public the results .
the subjects normally learnin three trial .
this was an example of learned response
they were studying two linked stimuli .
the advertising links pleasant and product .
why does the instructor that classical conditioning is important ?
classical conditioning is one type of learning and it affects things in every day
what is the topic of the lecture ?
psychology and classical conditioning and its relation to advertising .
what do people or animals learn when they learn through classical conditioning ?
they learn emotional response to things they do not normally respond to
why is classical conditioning interesting to people who study advertising ?
advertising hopes to create emotional response to products .
the first scientist to write about classical conditioning was Pavlov . what was he interesting in ?
……………………………………………………………………………….
What observation did Pavlov make about stimuli and responses in dogs ? what kinds stimuli and responses did he observe ?
…………………………………………………………………………………
What happens when learning take place through classical conditioning ?
What does classical conditioning have to do with people ?
People can learn emotional response to neutral stimuli
: advertisers can link stimuli .
How is classical condition used in advertising ?
classical condition affects consumers' behavior , as advertisers link a peasant image or music tor product .
the research stated the use of conditioning in experiment. What was the hypothesis in the experiment?
The hypothesis was that people were more likely to choose a product associated with a pleasant image , sound or music via classical conditioning
what was the procedure used in the experiment ?
what was the result of the experiment ?
1-what is the definition of marketing in this passage ?
Process of creating , distributing , promoting , and pricing products for targeted customers.
2-in paragraph 2, what are three groups that marketers can communicate with using the internet?
Marketers can communicate with customers employees and suppliers .
3- what kinds of industries can lower their costs by using technology for communicate ?
Industries can lower their costs by using technology are entertainment
4-in paragraph 3, what are example of was that telecommunications can make things more convenient for customers?>>>>>>>>>
5- why do car retailers not sell many cars through the internet ? what advantage can the internet give ti car sellers ?
car retailers not sell many cars through the internet because of pricing , customers are unwilling to spend $30,000 online to buy a new car .
6- how has internet stock trading affected traditional trading companies ?
It has forced traditional trading companies to introduce on line trading for their customers in order to remain competitive.
1-Many firms to use on one or two elements, but ignored e.g., garden . com
2- E-commence can succeed e.g., the us government is the world's large retailer .
3- services are the most successful online products e.g., Charles Schwab ( the online brokerage firm)
4-a few companies have been very successful in selling books and music-e.g., Amazon.com
5- many customers will shop the internet . if they think they can save money –e.g., the car industry .
What are goals for this class ?
The goals are to examine issues e-business per parathion for doing the class project
What are the definition of marketing ?
Process of creating , distributing , promoting , and pricing products for targeted customers that people need.
Why did many e-marketing companies fail?
They failed because they forget one or more of the basic elements of marketing .
Why did garden .com fial?
Their prices were no different than catalog and retailers.
What are example of e-commerce firms that succeeded ?
example of e-commerce firms that succeeded the us government which is the biggest online retial of bonds .
what type of product are most like to sell online?
Services are the most likely products to sell online
what type of product are less like to sell online? What is exception to this ?
Amazon.com is an exception to this.
Electronic communication can provide an advantage in distributing product . what is example of this advantage ? what is example of business that has used this advantage ?
On line businesses are using the internet to get orders and feedback from their customer .
Amazon.com is example of a business that uses this advantage ?
People who visit a website are more willing to spend time learning a new product what is example of an industry that uses this advantage ?
the industry use internet to promote , distributing and sell movies .
Why did online companies initially think they could cut costs by using the internet ? what was problem with this strategy ?
They thought they could eliminate salesman
they was competition from other companies which also lowered their price