[ال الشيخ]

4 The sounds of language
مهم جدا جداجدا 30درجه اقل شي
Phonetics
articulatory phonetics, which is the study of how
speech sounds are made, or ‘articulated’. Other areas of study are acoustic
phonetics, which deals with the physical properties of speech as sound waves

Voiced and voiceless sounds
1 When the vocal cords are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between
them unimpeded. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless.
2 When the vocal cords are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly
pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds
produced in this way are described as voiced.
The distinction can be felt physically if you place a fingertip gently on the top
of your ‘Adam’s apple’ (i.e. that part of your larynx you can feel in your neck
below your chin), then produce sounds such as Z-Z-Z-Z or V-V-V-V. Because
these are voiced sounds, you should be able to feel some vibration. Keeping
your fingertip in the same position, now make the sounds S-S-S-S or F-F-F-F.
Because these are voiceless sounds, there should be no vibration. Another trick
is to put a finger in each ear, not too far, and produce the voiced sounds (e.g.
Z-Z-Z-Z) to hear and feel some vibration, whereas no vibration will be heard
or felt if you make voiceless sounds (e.g. S-S-S-S) in the same way.

Place of articulation
والرسمه تقراها

Bilabials
These are sounds formed using both (= bi) upper and lower lips (= labia).
The initial sounds in the words pat, bat and mat are all bilabials. They are
represented by the symbols [p], which is voiceless, and [b] and [m], which are
voiced.We can also describe the [w] sound found at the beginning of way, walk
and world as a bilabial.

Labiodentals
These are sounds formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip. The initial
sounds of the words fat and vat and the final sounds in the words safe and save
are labiodentals. They are represented by the symbols [f], which is voiceless,
and [v], which is voiced. Notice that the final sound in the word cough, and
the initial sound in photo, despite the spelling differences, are both pronounced
as [f].

Dentals
كامل

Alveolars
كامل

Palatals
كامل

Velars
كامل

Glottals
كامل

الجدول صفحة 34 هو الزبده حفظ

Vowels
قراءه
والمهم الحوف اللي اخر الصفحه مع امثلتها عيت تجي معاي في اللصق بس بحددها
من اليسار اول اثنين وقبل الاخيره الثنتين اللي فيها above ban eat hit
من اليمين اللي فيها move put cow
الامثل مهمه جدا جدا في كل درس حفظ صم
انتهى الدرس الرابع

لا تنسونا من دعواتكم بالتوفيق في امتحانات الصيف وبلوغنا رمضان ولا ازعل وابطل