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4. Common Teaching Methods 2

There are 14 common methods for teaching:

1. Lecture 8. Case studies
2. Lecture with discussion 9. Role playing
3. Panel of experts 10. Report-back session
4. Brainstorming 11. Worksheets/surveys
5. Video tapes 12. Index card exercise
6. Class discussion 13. Guest speaker
7. Small group discussion 14. Values clarification exercise








5. Video tapes

STRENGTHS

- entertaining way of teaching content and raising issues
- keep group’s attention
- looks professional
- stimulates discussion

LIMITATION

- can raise too many issues to have a focused discussion
- discussion may not have full participation
- only as effective as following discussion

PREPARATION

- need to set up equipment
- effective only if facilitator prepares questions to discuss after the show


6. Class discussion

STRENGTHS

- pools ideas and experiences from group
- effective after a presentation, film or experience that needs to be analyzed
- allows everyone to participate in an active process

LIMITATION

- not practical with more than 20 people
- few people can dominate
- others may not participate
- is time consuming
- can get off the track

PREPARATION

- requires careful planning by facilitator to guide discussion
- requires question outline


7. Small group discussion

STRENGTHS

- allows participation of everyone
- people often more comfortable in small groups
- can reach group consensus

LIMITATION

- needs careful thought as to purpose of group
- groups may get side tracked

PREPARATION

- needs to prepare specific tasks or questions for group to answer


8. Case studies

STRENGTHS

- develop analytic and problem solving skills
- allows for exploration of solutions for complex issues
- allows student to apply new knowledge and skills

LIMITATION

- people may not see relevance to own situation
- insufficient information can lead to inappropriate results

PREPARATION

- case must be clearly defined in some cases
- case must be prepared



9. Role playing

STRENGTHS

- introduces problem situation dramatically
- provide opportunity for people to assume roles of others and thus appreciate another point of view
- allows for exploration of solutions
- provides opportunity to practice skills

LIMITATION

- people may be too self-conscious
- not appropriate for large groups
- people may feel threatened

PREPARATION

- trainer has to define problem situation and roles clearly
- trainer must give very clear instructions


10. Report-back session

STRENGTHS

- allows for large group discussion of role plays, case studies, and small group exercise
- gives people a chance to reflect on experience
- each group takes responsibility for its operation

LIMITATION

- can be repetitive if each small group says the same thing

PREPARATION

- trainer has to prepare questions for groups to discuss



11. Worksheets/surveys

STRENGTHS

- allows people to think for themselves without being influenced by others
- individual thoughts can then be shared in large group

LIMITATION

- can be used only for short period of time

PREPARATION

- facilitator has to prepare handouts



12. Index card exercise

STRENGTHS

- opportunity to explore difficult and complex issues

LIMITATION

- people may not do exercise

PREPARATION

- facilitator has to prepare questions



13. Guest speaker

STRENGTHS

- personalized topic

LIMITATION

- may not be a good speaker

PREPARATION

- coordinate and contact speakers
- introduce speaker appropriately






14. Value clarification exercise

STRENGTHS

- opportunity to explore values and beliefs
- allows people to discuss values in a safe environment
- gives structure to discussion

LIMITATION

- people may not be honest
- people may not be too self-conscious

PREPARATION

- facilitator must carefully prepare exercise
- must give clear instructions
- facilitator must prepare discussion questions



Summary:

• Common methods for teaching are of 14 types:

1. Lecture 8. Case studies
2. Lecture with discussion 9. Role playing
3. Panel of experts 10. Report-back session
4. Brainstorming 11. Worksheets/surveys
5. Video tapes 12. Index card exercise
6. Class discussion 13. Guest speaker
7. Small group discussion 14. Values clarification exercise








Each of which has good points (i.e. STRENGTHS), LINITATIONS and PREPARATION






Reading for this lecture:

pp. 38-40